Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Neuroprotective effects of rutin, sodium selenite, and rutin-conjugated selenium nanoparticles in a social isolation model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1782734

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of treatments on neuronal and glial function biomarkers in the prefrontal cortex. (A) BDNF mRNA fold change and (B) GFAP mRNA fold change. Data are represented as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. # = vs. Control; $ = vs. SI; @ = vs. SI&RUT-SeNPs; * = vs. SI&OLA; P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: To evaluate astrocytic activation and neuronal survival, paraffin embedded cortical sections were subjected to IHC staining targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Cat. No. NB300-141, 1:600, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA) and nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-kB) (Cat. No. NB100-56712, 1:200, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Neuroprotective effects of rutin, sodium selenite, and rutin-conjugated selenium nanoparticles in a social isolation model

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1782734

Figure Lengend Snippet: RUT-SeNPs protect against GFAP staining in the prefrontal cortex of rats with SI. Photomicrographs of the prefrontal cortex from each group. GFAP immunoreactivity was detected in tissues using DAB chromogen, resulting in a brown color (arrow) (DAB, X400, Scale bar = 50 µm). The control group (A) had normal cortical anatomy and mild GFAP staining. The SI (B) and SI&Na2SeO3-treated (E) groups showed strong GFAP immunostaining. In contrast, the (C) SI&OLA, (D) SI&RUT, and (F) SI&RUT-SeNP-treated groups demonstrated decreased GFAP staining. (G) Quantitative analysis of immunostaining area % for GFAP was expressed as mean ± S.E.M ( n = 7). Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. # = vs. Control; $ = vs. SI; @ = vs. SI&RUT-SeNPs; * = vs. SI&OLA; P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: To evaluate astrocytic activation and neuronal survival, paraffin embedded cortical sections were subjected to IHC staining targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Cat. No. NB300-141, 1:600, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA) and nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-kB) (Cat. No. NB100-56712, 1:200, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Control, Immunostaining